Dissertation is hosted by	Effect of technology integration education on the attitudes of teachers and their students Rhonda Christensen

APPENDIX L
TAC ITEMS BY FACTOR

Variable # Item
Teacher Importance
3 I will be able to get a good job if I learn how to use a computer.
6 I would work harder if I could use computers more often.
8 I know that computers give me opportunities to learn many new things.
9 I can learn many things when I use a computer.
10 I enjoy lessons on the computer.
11 I believe that the more often teachers use computers, the more I will enjoy school.
12 I believe that it is very important for me to learn how to use a computer.

Teacher Enjoyment
1 I enjoy doing things on a computer.
2 I am tired of using a computer.
4 I concentrate on a computer when I use one.
5 I enjoy computer games very much.
10 I enjoy lessons on the computer.
15 I feel comfortable working with a computer.
16 I get a sinking feeling when I think of trying to use a computer.
17 Working with a computer makes me nervous.
20 Computers are difficult to use.

Teacher Anxiety
7 I think that it takes a long time to finish when I use a computer.
13 I think that computers are very easy to use.
16 I get a sinking feeling when I think of trying to use a computer.
17 Working with a computer makes me nervous.
18 Using a computer is very frustrating.
19 I will do as little work with computers as possible.
20 Computers are difficult to use.
21 Computers do not scare me at all.

CASA (Loyd & Gressard Anxiety)
51 Computers do not scare me at all.
55 Working with a computer would make me very nervous.
59 I do not feel threatened when others talk about computers.
63 I feel aggressive and hostile toward computers.
67 It wouldn't bother me at all to take computer courses.
75 I would feel at ease in a computer class.
79 I get a sinking feeling when I think of trying to use a computer.
83 I would feel comfortable working with a computer.
87 Computers make me feel uneasy and confused.

CASC (Loyd and Gressard Confidence)
52 I'm no good with computers.
56 Generally I would feel OK about trying a new problem on the computer.
60 I don't think I would do advanced computer work.
64 I am sure I could do work with computers.
68 I'm not the type to do well with computers.
72 I am sure I could learn a computer language.
75 I would feel at ease in a computer class.
80 I could get good grades in computer courses.
84 I do not think I could handle a computer course.
88 I have a lot of self-confidence when it comes to working with computers.

CASL (Loyd & Gressard Liking)
53 I would like working with computers.
57 The challenge of solving problems with computers does not appeal to me.
61 I think working with computers would be enjoyable and stimulating.
65 Figuring out computer problems does not appeal to me.
69 When there is a problem with a computer run that I can't immediately solve, I would stick with it until I have the answer.
73 I don't understand how some people can spend so much time working with computers and seem to enjoy it.
77 Once I start to work with the computer, I would find it hard to stop.
81 I will do as little work with computers as possible.
85 If a problem is left unsolved in a computer class, I would continue to think about it afterward.
89 I do not enjoy talking with others about computers.

CASU (Loyd & Gressard Usefulness)
54 I will use computers many ways in my life.
58 Learning about computers is a waste of time.
62 Learning about computers is worthwhile.
66 I'll need a firm mastery of computers for my future work.
70 I expect to have little use for computers in my daily life.
74 I can't think of any way that I will use computers in my career.
78 Knowing how to work with computers will increase my job possibilities.
82 Anything that a computer can be used for, I can do just as well some other way.
80 It is important to me to do well in computer classes.
90 Working with computers will not be important to me in my life's work.

Factor 1 - Enthusiasm
249 I would like to learn more about computers.
211 The challenge of learning about computers is exciting.
243 I would like to spend more time using a computer.
267 I will take computer courses.
181 I like learning on a computer.
266 I will use a computer as soon as possible.
224 If given the opportunity, I would like to learn about and use computers.
186 I think working with computers would be enjoyable and stimulating.
103 I want to learn a lot about computers.
246 If I can, I will take subjects that will teach me to use computers.
187 Learning about computers is interesting.
209 I look forward to using a computer on my job.
270 I enjoy computer work.
180 Learning about computers is boring to me.
53 I would like working with computers.

Factor 2 - Anxiety
256 Working with a computer makes me feel very nervous.
260 Computers make me feel uncomfortable.
263 I get a sinking feeling when I think of trying to use a computer.
227 Computers intimidate and threaten me.
230 Working with a computer makes me feel tense and uncomfortable.
110 I get a sinking feeling when I think of trying to do something hard with a computer.
182 Working with a computer would make me very nervous.
87 Computers make me feel uneasy and confused.
79 I get a sinking feeling when I think of trying to use a computer.
264 Computers frustrate me.
17 Working with a computer makes me nervous.
153 I sometimes get nervous just thinking about computers.
225 I have avoided computers because they are unfamiliar and somewhat intimidating to me.
145 I hesitate to use a computer for fear of making mistakes I cannot correct.
88 I have a lot of self-confidence when it comes to working with computers.

Factor 3 - Acceptance
74 I can't think of any way that I will use computers in my career.
164 Someday I will have a computer in my house.
154 I will probably never learn to use a computer.
54 I will use computers many ways in my life.

Factor 4 - E-mail
282 The use of e-mail makes the student feel more involved.
284 The use of e-mail helps provide a better learning experience.
281 The use of e-mail makes the course more interesting.
283 The use of e-mail helps the student to learn more.
280 The use of e-mail increases motivation for the course.
276 More courses should use e-mail to disseminate class information and assignments.
279 The use of e-mail creates more interaction between student and instructor.
278 The use of e-mail creates more interaction between students enrolled in the course.
277 E-mail provides better access to the instructor.
274 E-mail is an effective means of disseminating class information
and assignments.
275 I prefer e-mail traditional class handouts as an information disseminator.

Factor 5 - Negative Impact on Society
142 Computers are changing the world too rapidly.
138 Computers dehumanize society by treating everyone as a number.
135 Our country relies too much on computers.
144 Computers isolate people by inhibiting normal social interactions among users.
134 Computers have the potential to control our lives.
176 Use of computers in education almost always reduces the personal
treatment of students.
218 I dislike working with machines that are smarter than I am.
241 Working with computers makes me feel isolated from other people.
215 I am afraid that if I begin to use computers I will become dependent
upon them and lose some of my reasoning skills.
251 Working with computers means working on your own, without contact with others.

Factor 6 - Productivity - Classroom
198 Computers would help students improve their writing.
199 Computers would stimulate creativity in students.
197 Computers would significantly improve the overall quality of my students' education.
196 Computers would motivate students.
175 Computers can be a useful instructional aid in almost all subject areas.
200 Computers would help students work with one another.
168 Computers could enhance remedial instruction.
170 Computers can be used successfully with courses which demand creative activities.
162 Computers will improve education.
163 If there were a computer in my classroom it would help me be a better teacher.
179 Teacher training should include instructional applications of computers.
165 Computers can teach mathematics.
92 With computers it is possible to do practical things.
268 Computers can be used to save lives.

Factor 7 - Kay's Semantic
44 Unpleasant Pleasant
50 Suffocating Fresh
49 Dull Exciting
41 Unlikable Likable
46 Uncomfortable Comfortable
43 Bad Good
42 Unhappy Happy
45 Tense Calm
48 Empty Full
47 Artificial Natural

Factor 8 - Vocation
113 I'll need computers for my future work.
109 Knowing about computers will help me earn a living.
115 I'm really going to need computer skills after I finish school.
137 I will use a computer in my future occupation.
78 Knowing how to work with computers will increase my job possibilities.
93 Knowing how to use computers will help me do well in my career.
66 I'll need a firm mastery of computers for my future work.
151 Computers are probably going to be an important part of my life.
3 I will be able to get a good job if I learn how to use a computer.
90 Working with computers will not be important to me in my life's work.
123 I see the computer as something I will rarely use in my daily life as an adult.
242 Working with computers will not be important to me in my career.
252 If I need computer skills for my career choice, I will develop them.

Factor 9 - Prestige
128 It would make me happy if people thought I was really good with computers.
121 I'd like people to think I was smart with computers.
236 I feel important when others ask me for information about computers.
116 I'd be proud to be the outstanding student in a computer class.
237 Using the computer has increased my interaction with other students.
86 It is important to me to do well in computer classes.
129 I don't like people to think I'm smart with computers.
140 Computers will create more jobs than they eliminate.

Factor 10 - Productivity
203 Computers would save me time.
202 Computers would increase my productivity.
201 Computers would help me organize my work.
205 Computers would help me organize my finances.
204 Computers would help me learn.
149 Having a computer available to me would improve my general satisfaction.
146 Having a computer available to me would improve my productivity.
147 If I had to use a computer for some reason, it would probably save me some time and work.
148 If I used a computer, I would get a better picture of the facts and figures.
207 Computers improve the overall quality of life.
91 Computers can help me to learn things more easily.
150 If I had a computer at my disposal, I would try to get rid of it.
192 Studying about computers is a waste of time.
239 Anything that a computer can be used for, I can do just as well another way.

Factor 11 - Aversion
261 You have to be a "brain" to work with computers.
262 Not many people can use computers.
272 I would never take a job where I had to work with computers.
257 Using a computer prevents me from being creative.
166 Computers are beyond the understanding of the typical person.
248 People who work with computers sit in front of a computer screen all day.

Factor 12 - Gender Bias
125 I would trust a woman just as much as a man to figure out how to operate a computer.
126 I would be just as likely to ask a woman for help on a computer as a man.
122 Women certainly are logical enough to use computers.
127 In general, boys are better than girls at using computers.
111 It's hard to believe that a woman or girl could be a computer genius.
118 Girls who enjoy using computers are a little weird.

Factor 13 - K&M Importance
9 I can learn many things when I use a computer.
8 I know that computers give me opportunities to learn many new things.
10 I enjoy lessons on the computer.
12 I believe that it is very important for me to learn how to use a computer.
11 I believe that the more often teachers use computers, the more I will enjoy school.
4 I concentrate on a computer when I use one.
6 I would work harder if I could use computers more often.
64 I am sure I could do work with computers.

Factor 14 - L&G Confidence
101 A job using computers would be very interesting.
69 When there is a problem with a computer run that I can't immediately solve, I would stick with it until I have the answer.
57 The challenge of solving problems with computers does not appeal to me.
60 I don't think I would do advanced computer work.
85 If a problem is left unsolved in a computer class, I would continue to think about it afterward.
72 I am sure I could learn a computer language.

Factor 15 - P&P Relevance
94 Knowing how to use computers is a worthwhile skill.
173 High school students should have some understanding about computers.
95 All students should have an opportunity to learn about computers at school.
97 Having computer skills helps you get better jobs.
172 High school students should understand the role computers play in society.
214 Learning to operate computers is like learning any new skill -
the more you practice, the better you become.
62 Learning about computers is worthwhile.
226 I feel computers are necessary tools in both educational and work settings.
216 I am sure that with time and practice I will be as comfortable working with computers as I am working with a typewriter.
96 It is important for students to learn about computers in order to be informed citizens.

Factor 16 - P&P Enjoyment
100 I like reading about computers.
98 I like to talk to others about computers.
104 I like to scan computer journals.
105 When I pass a computer shop, usually I stop for a while.
193 It is fun to figure out how computers work.
102 Computer lessons area favorite subject for me.
89 I do not enjoy talking with others about computers.
65 Figuring out computer problems does not appeal to me.

Christensen, R. (1998). Effect of technology integration education on the attitudes of teachers and their students. Doctoral dissertation, University of North Texas, Denton.